Estudo das Preposições Inglesas - lição 2 ( AFTER, AGAINST e AHEAD OF)
AFTER – Apresenta grande variedade na sua aplicação. Exige, portanto, cuidadoso estudo.
Expressa idéia de: conexão, acordo, perseguição, memória, entre outras.
1 – Perseguição;procura por alguém ou alguma coisa.
Ex.: a) Our dog likes to run after every car that passes in front of the house.
b) I’m sure I’ll find my brother-in-law when I get home. He’s after some money.
2 – Relação um tanto inferior.
Ex.: a) André Agasse is ranked second in the Tennis World Championship, only after Guga, the best of all.
b) Congratulations! You’re the best student in our class, but after me, of course.
3 - Em uma posição atrás ou a seguir. Ordem, tempo ou lugar.
Ex.: a) Congratulations! You also passed the exam; your name comes right after mine on the list.
b) I’m still on vacation; see you after carnival.
4- Definindo uma ação continuada.
Ex: a) It’s no surprise for me her nerve rack. She keeps on working week after week without stopping.
b) Time after time I’ve been telling you I love you, but you don’t believe me.
5 – Fazendo comparação.
Ex.: a) That painting is beautiful, but it’s nothing after the Rembrandt’s I saw Minutes ago.
b) Jessica seemed so intelligent after the rest of her class.
6 – Preocupação; saber a respeito.
Ex.: a) When you call Sarah, don’t forget to ask after her health.
b) The first thing she did when she arrived was to ask after the child’s disappearance.
7- Apesar de.
Ex: a) After all the help I gave him with his English exam, he got a terrible score.
b) Brenda couldn’t attend our meeting after her great wish to do so.
8 – Em memória ou homenagem.
Ex.: a) He received that famous name after his father.
b) Tom Jobim is now the name of the International Airport in Rio de Janeiro after that famous song writer.
9- Pela razão de. Tem o mesmo sentido de (because of).
Ex: a) After what you said to Laura last night, she won’t see you again.
b) Chris was finally fired after his many reproaches towards the company.
10- De estilo semelhante ou típico.
Ex: a) I’ll never forget that wonderful concert after Mozart I watched last night.
b) Somerset Maugham had the example of the greatest short stories after Guy De Maupassant.
Obs: Outros casos de preposições compostas incluindo after:
After all – A despeito de problemas ou dúvidas.
Ex: a) The fight in the audience stopped, so the show will go ahead after all.
b) Johnny can’t regret the end of his partnership with Bruce. They made a lot of money together after all.
After you – Depois que você utilizar.
Ex: a) After you with the sugar, daddy.
b) Never mind, my dear, I have time enough. After you, please.
After effects – Efeitos, geralmente negativos, que seguem um evento, acidente, etc.
Ex: a) The after effects of the Iraqi war are still being felt with greater intensity now than during the conflict.
b) Nobody knows the after effects of Sadam Hussein’s execution for the Iraqui people.
AGAINST – Seu sentido denota posição contrária, hostilidade, garantia, reação, proximidade, etc.
1 – Próximo e Tocando, ou sendo apoiado por algo diretamente.
Ex: a) From here you can see my brother, he’s the one in jeans leaning against that tree.
b) When we’re together, I like to feel the warmth of her body against mine.
2 – Estar contrário a alguma coisa.
Ex.: a) Definitely, I’m against the beginning of the championship this weekend.
b) Charles left the meeting. He said he’s against our hiring new people this year.
3 – Não dar apoio.
Ex.: a) All the students are against the counselor promoting another rally to save the institution.
b) Most citizens are against the ban of fire weapons free trade in Brazil.
4 – Garantir-se em um seguro. Indicando proteção.
Ex: a) If you want to have a new car, don’t forget to take out an insurance policy against robbery.
b) Before they arrived in the country, they had to be vaccinated against malaria.
5 – Fazendo comparação. Fundo ou em segundo plano.
Ex: a) He’s a great painter. All his works look good against simple canvases.
b) We didn’t get the same amount for the job. Stevie received $ 300,00 against my $ 125,00.
AHEAD OF – Indica precedência, o que vai à frente.
Ex.: a) Helen is the best student in class; she’s always ahead of the other schoolmates in every situation.
b) The teacher entered the room five minutes ahead of his time and saw Jane writing bad words on the blackboard.
EXERCÍCIOS
1 – Coloque na ordem correta estas palavras a fim de formar frases com sentido. A primeira já está resolvida.
a) Wife’s / after / same / the / was / his / never / death / he.
He was never the same after his wife’s death.
b) Against / to write / is / the pen / to press / the nib / of / the paper.
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c) Your health / the party / met / asked / I / at / after / Anna / and / she.
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d) On weekends / home / midnight / I / get / after / usually.
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e) Vote / Brazil / ahead of / the U.S.A./ electronic / in terms of / is .
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f) He / hands / and / to dry / the / fire / them / his / against / put / washed.
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g) To Calculate / epidemic/ of the / impossible / it’s / after effects / the
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h) To sell / against / had / she / the house / her / even / wishes.
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2 – Preencha cada parêntese com a letra correspondente:
a) Most players are ( ) After the president who has inaugurated it.
b) They named the bridge ( ) Ahead of the correct time.
c) Unless you run ( ) Against social injustice.
d) Bob is never late, his watch is always ( ) Against the change of their game master.
e) Every citizen ought to fight ( ) Ahead of the whole class.
f) She finished the test ( ) After the bus, you won’t get it.
3 – Tente formar frases utilizando as palavras e as preposições dadas, siga o exemplo.
Ex.: Paul, ahead of, run
Paul is very fast; he gets ahead of me everytime we run.
a) Against, wind, walk
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b) My father, after, sick
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c) Ahead of, Leonardo da Vinci, ideas
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d) After, play, class
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e) Franchise, against, minors
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f) After / life / death
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g) Marie / intelligent / ahead of
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