SAVE THE WORLD

I simply want to speak honestly about a very important thing that maybe today or later I don't believe we can pacify a more realistic dominion over these flames of violence that made the human being misrepresent several issues that commit us to the most active socialism in which they came

from. water down for perhaps a simple image of the man who by education has always dedicated himself to his life with a simple dictum to qualify and progress towards progress in education that limits us to the few that turn us to the politics and religions that make us seek constant more than sincere ideas and proofs that the world has deepened into a more chaotic relationship in which all classes are distinguished under

a great prejudice that makes us limit all our responsibilities against the detachment of the human being about the

humanitarian gift of infiltrating under society the education that can contain us from all the irresponsibility of respecting life and society that we can say we are devaluing our world in the face of a great tragedy that, due to pride and ambition, hatred

has been waged against human love that makes us absorb the most petty realities that want to dominate life when the human being finds himself graceful over the pride of power what goes on from a great sufficiency of character against the more real challenges that isolate the life that simply goes by

from a matter of logic and understanding on various issues of the socialist man who sees life heavier on the great monotony that makes us feel cold and disseminated about a more relative set of ideas that we remove from prejudice the economy of pleasure when the world is always oppressing us about the durability of living due to certain causes and social insufficiencies that always show repression over other standards of living and life would be fairer because of its teachings where the human being struggles with a commitment to understand the world and its processes in how much the machine of deconstruction is assimilated to a notion that the human being may one day find

in his thoughts the most just cause for so many attributes against humanity that are only innocent people who have to always trace the same idea of corresponding between to others as usual and dodging as they should never dodge and thus the good image of the human being is distorted what wants to build life leaving behind the good idea of living when thousands of people try to take refuge from large attacks by guerrillas who maybe can understand the vast destruction unable to understand the most certain reason in and life can be more drastic against the monotony that breaks down in the human being due to the lack of a good understanding between many who govern without a more human dedication and others who govern in search of peace and love over the world that is always absorbed due to the lack of reconstitution of the countries in when life becomes more superb to so many voracity created and studied by the ignorance of the human being who wants to silence the world in the face of perhaps a meaningless feeling due to the power of destruction and the mass madness of man who forgets God and turns around in the devil himself who in all relationships and projects

governmental organizations can distinguish themselves where they will build ties of sovereignty while the destruction spreads over great whirlpools created by great commands and military bases around the world causing an immense vast path of destruction across the face of the earth to destroy the human being and their reasons that can someday show how great they were and are people from families that believe in peace and love that someday in any sense of living together and always united we will show as brothers the best of us and that the best friend may be more distracted when the enemy throws himself into misery and remains poor in body and soul as long as the dominion can come from great people who believe in the force of life and in the world and who together can, as always, show where happiness and peace reside and thus preserve the integrity over the other social classes that may have always ignored the violation of favored goods while the key to happiness may still be opening a door to to the world future of humanity as God made us and created us under a great splendor and expression of living and always loving life because the human being can be more than a pleasure of happiness and when man seeks the machine he may

be being taken to the basements of decadence because he himself turned into a machine and the best machine may be flowing in each of us in this unforgettable moment of peace and love the best pleasure of living and building the world because I think it would

be much easier if we look for the understanding because it would be more logical to get rid of things that someday may be in their proper place and that they ca n still find because the world would be more logical and capable of favoring certainties in the face of selfishness and in the face of incapacities peace when we need to know even better life and the world more closely in which we will look at everything that has happened in our

come back and look at democracy more closely so that we can remake ourselves in all the existing and quitting maneuvers that sow life and thus become more alive against

the voracity that isolates life and the human being wants to live in peace and we don't make wars because we learn to live and we do not miss the defined contrasts of life that make us roll over the restless forms and relationships in the life of the human being and its purposes and works with the well being and that we always try to react on all the reforms and readjustments that perhaps can determine uncertain wars because the human being has to unite because maybe he himself has to build a source of knowledge in which to absorb the unfavorable and restless storms that want to inhibit the political relations of the human being while we validate his accounts and promises

against the understandings of the man who does not preserve his attitudes and seeks to assimilate and destroy homes and innocent people in which perhaps the war has been reducing the evolution of man in life on great socialist benefits that should have been taking certain heroines that have always confused the good fortune to certain people who may be able to unite one day and build a republic where we can sweep away unemployment and the humanitarian devaluation that was undone in the country's democracy when many innocent people died on the face of the earth in search of creating beautiful families and establishing their own safe standards of living of the superb society and that society can someday understand where education lives that maybe can show up close and ensure the human being to live and be happy

in a flat life and so it would be logical and more continues life because we need to understand where the disaffection lives and build more friends because someday we would not lose the security of believing in future and rationalism

a concept would be established among many that can go unnoticed and that the world would be up to us to better understand the pure reason for living and less understand life better and we need peace and love to consolidate and perpetuate the security of living and friendship among many because someday we will understand and see that life would be something

better defined to uncertain heroines that fades in the logic of the human being to know life better.

I want here now to talk a little about a movement that would

be more logical for everyone because we would learn to conquer life when many people are devaluing themselves on every shelf and the evil would be not understanding the real reason to live and there is only integrity in when there is a brother-to-brother relationship of a raw nature, and so we can value life and its setbacks with the social movement.

Peace movement is a social movement that seeks to fight for

demonstrating for the anti-war cause. Political cooperation is an example of an organization that seeks to merge all peace movement organizations and green organizations in a few goals, and all of whom have the goal of common peace and human sustainability.

Some people refer to the loss of activists' global affiliations to political interests as having a common purpose and constituting a single movement, "the peace movement", encompassing "the anti-war movements". From

this point of view, the two are often indistinguishable and constitute an indefinite and reactive collaboration between groups with the most diverse motivations, such as: humanism, nationalism, environmentalism, anti-racism, anti-sexism, decentralizers, ideologues, theologians , etc.

diversity of ideals

The problem of peace is a central issue in the thinking of gurus like Jiddu Krishnamurti and the Dalai Lama. It is also a major concern of the renowned French philosopher and sociologist Edgar Morin, a

concern expressed for the first time in his (Terra-Pátria, 1993), ÿour house globalteimrrpel-ipcaattrioiens. Thaenred itshembuocohkc,oonufrusgiaorndeansÿt,ohhigohwligwhetincgonacneiivsesuoef wpeitahce.

This results from the plurality of ideals in question, particularly with regard to "anti-war" movements which, in most cases, have poorly defined goals. It is often unclear whether a movement or protest is against war in general, as in the case of pacifism, or against the involvement of one party without properly evaluating the involvement of the other. Some observers believe that the lack of clarity represents an intentional strategy in the defense of one of the parties, as was for example the American propaganda regarding the Vietnam War.

Global protests against the US invasion of Iraq in mid- 2003 are a less equivocal case as it is a short-term war. As for Islam and Anti-Americanism, the issue is more complex.

Certain pacifists involved in various short-term movements hope to pre- establish a relationship of trust between the parties, in a long-term movement or in a future understanding between the parties.

With the same aim, there are those who are more concerned with guaranteeing a health plan and basic human rights, including the right

of all peoples to have access to water, food, shelter and universal health care. A large part of activists seeks social justice as a form of protection under the law, in equal opportunity for groups that have previously been deprived of their political rights. The peace movement understands that human beings should not go to war or get involved in conflict. He understands, even more, that military force is not above justice.

Pacifism opposes the proliferation of harmful technologies, weapons of mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons and biological weapons. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) investigates the risks of inappropriate use of artificial

intelligence, molecular engineering, genetics, their destructive potential in the face of application errors. The Green Parties, Greenpeace

and the Ecological Movement. At the end of the 20th century, the

peace movement spread everywhere, especially in democratic countries.

Edgar Morin alerts us to the complexity of the world in which

we live and for the mistakes made, in particular those of the great powers. He distinguishes between complexity and complication, which he defines as something that can further aggravate human life, one of the worst complications being bureaucracy.

current events

Some believe that with the Iraq crisis, peace movements can be seen as part of a global effort to raise "public opinion" to curb unilateralism .

American. Peace Movements are also benefiting from

increased Internet communication and coordination of so-called smart mob technologies. It can also be suggested that efforts such as Indymedia and

Wikipedia plays a role in coordinating public opinion, compiling lists of alleged effects of the invasion of Iraq, providing neutral views of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Islamist activities, various ethical and political issues, and providing a quick overview of the historical facts. .

Detailed history by region

These stories began with the countries that suffered during the World War II, and who effectively began the post-war period

in a position of surrender, and wrote about peace in their constitutions. And they had to deal with the English-speaking world and the arguments most familiar to English readers, which directly intersect with Portal:Current Events, and are the present focus of the peace movement around the world.

Germany

Green parties and other political associations were formed in many democratic countries towards the end of the 20th century. The peace movement has a strong influence in some countries through the "green party", such as Germany. Sometimes decisively influenced politics, as during 2002

when the German Greens influenced German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, through German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer (the most popular politician in Germany at the

moment), to limit his involvement in the War on Terror and

eventually team up with French President Jacques Chirac in

opposition to the United Nations Security Council on limiting support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Israel

The interests of the peace movement in Israel are defended by Peace Now (Shalom Achsahv in Hebrew), and support for the

israeli Labor Party, Meretz. The Peace Now movement was founded as a result of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem, when many felt that the

chance for peace might have been lost. The Peace Movement began with a "Peace Now" rally in Tel-Aviv on the eve of the

opening of the Camp David meeting with Presidents Sadat and Carter - forming a crowd of 100,000, the largest rally in

Israel to date - had a part in the decision to renounce Sinai and the dismantling of the Israeli camps located in that region. Peace Agora supported Begin for a period, and hailed him as a peacemaker, but turned against him when the Sinai resignation was accompanied by an accelerated campaign of

land confiscation and the construction of camps in the western sector of Israel.

This followed the June 1982 invasion of Lebanon, under the name "Operation Peace for Galilee". In the first weeks of the invasion "Peace Now" remained silent using the "no political protests during wartime" policy. Meanwhile, a group of more radical pacifists united with the Committee against the Lebanon War and the rise of protests, initiated by many of the activists of the common population of the "Peace Now". They had Peace Now members call on the movement's leadership to align itself more clearly in its relationship to the Lebanon problem, showing witnesses to th e government's propagandist lies that led to the war. As a result, Peace Now

changed its stance and launched an intense campaign against the war. The "Peace Now" remained, however, opposing soldiers refusing to receive military orders, specifically the order to go to Lebanon. The anti-war group Yesh Gvul (in Hebrew, "There is a border" or "There is a limit") organized a campaign with more than 2000 reservists who asked not to serve in Lebanon. While Yesh Gvul did not directly advocate that reservists should refuse to be summoned, the group did advise those who did.

About 200 soldiers currently serve in prison terms.

Also during the first "Intifada" (Palestinian Uprising) of 1987-1993 and the second "Intifada" (which started in October 2000 and may or may not end - opinions are divided) the question of refusing to take military orders

remains one of the main issues that separate Paz Agora from other radical movements and leftist groups.

The Sabra and Shatila massacre in September 1982 kicked off an unprecedented week of protest demonstrations across Israel, dozens of protesters were dispersed with tear gas and taken to

detention in Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem.

This culminated in the Peace Now "400,000" march in Tel- Aviv, the largest gathering of people in Israeli history up to that time, which led to the establishment of Kahan's Judicial

Inquiry Commission after deliberations led to the impeachment of the minister. of Defense Ariel Sharon for indirect responsibility for the massacre.

As the commission's report describes, the killing of at least 400 Palestinian civilians (some estimate more than 2000) was perpetrated by Lebanese-Christian phalanxes. This militia was armed and trained by the Israeli army, and its armed agents were introduced by Sharon into the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shartila in Beirut which were surrounded on all sides by Israeli forces, and whose inhabitants were disarmed by Israel shortly before . Sharon made this decision knowing that the Phalangists deeply hated Palestinians and had information that they would massacre Palestinians if given the opportunity.

In February 1983 the Kahan Commission published a report, calling for Sharon's departure from the defense ministry, but Sharon refused to comply, declaring that the report was nothing more than an "inconsistent recommendation". A Peace Now march in Jerusalem calling for Sharon's resignation was brutally attacked by right-wing extremist groups, culminating in

throwing a grenade, killing Peace Now activist Emil Grunzweig

– an Israeli army reservist officer who had recently returned from Lebanon – and severely injuring five others. Only then did Sharon resign and his political career undergo a long eclipse

(from which he emerged twelve years later to be elected Prime Minister in January 2001).

In the same period the government also announced the official end of Operation Peace for Galilee or war (the name was never really accepted among the general public). In fact, however, the Israeli occupation of Lebanon lasted for another eight years, costing thousands of lives of Israelis, Lebanese and Palestinians,

until soldiers were finally evacuated in May 2000 – especially by the campaign of the four mothers movement (launched in 1997 by four mothers of soldiers serving in Lebanon).

Paz Agora also advocated negotiating a peace treaty with the Palestinians . Originally rather vaguely, with no definition of who "the Palestinians" are and who they represent. "Peace Now" took too long to join the dialogue with the PLO, starting with

groups like the Israeli Council for Peace between Israel-Palestine and the Hadash communities. Only in 1988 did "Peace Now" accept to consider the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians.

During the first Intifada, Paz Agora made numerous protests and marches against the cruelty of the army and called for the negotiation of withdrawal from the occupied territories. At this

time Peace Now was hit hard when then defense minister Yitzchak Rabin for his infamous order to "break the bones of Palestinians who create trouble." However, after Rabin became Prime Minister, signed the Oslo accord and shook hands with Yasser Arafat in

the garden of the White House, Paz Agora gave his strong support to him and mobilized the public to oppose the

"colonies" that caused the increase in the number of attacks. Paz Agora played a central role in the 4 November 1995 march after the assassination of Rabin by Yigal Amir, a far-right militant. Since then, the annual Rabin memorial march, held each year in early November, has become the main event of Israel's peace

movement, always with a crowd of tens or hundreds of thousands. Although officially organized by the Rabin family foundation, Peace

Now's presence at this annual protest is always conspicuous.

Today, Paz Agora is especially known for its relentless fight against the illegal expansion of camps in the western region. Dror Etkes, leader of the Peace Camp (Colony) Watchers Now, is highly observant in his meticulous work and on a recent

occasion was invited to testify to this before the US congressional

committee in Washington, D.C.

Gush Shalom and the Israeli Council for Israeli Peace Palestinian

Gush Shalom, the Israeli peace bloc, prides itself on being a radical leftist "Peace Now" movement, and refutes criticism of those questioning its right to be classified as a peace movement. Under the present name and structure, Gush Shalom grew up on the Jewish-Arab committee against the deportation, without trial of 415 Palestinian Islamic activists to Lebanon in December 1992, and staged a protest in front of the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem for two months. –

until the government conceded to let the deportees return.

The members therefore decided to continue as a general peace movement with a strong program of opposition to the occupation and advocating the creation of an independent Palestine side-by- side with Israel on its pre-1967 borders ("The Green Line") and with a Undivided Jerusalem serving as the capital for both states.

Members of Gush Shalom are motivated by excessive morality and the feeling that it is the duty of a decent citizen to stand up to what is wrong and wrongs perpetrated by their particular country. They are also motivated, however, by what might be called self- interest – the recognition of the existence of the state of Israel relying solely on its military superiority in the Midwest, its alliance with the US, and US hegemony in the Middle East. world, are not factors that guarantee its existence "ad eternum", and in the fact that history shows that no alliance or superiority lasts forever.

Therefore, Israel's long-term survival depends on being accepted by its neighbors – first and foremost by the Palestinians – as a legitimate part of the Middle East. Existing under the name of Gush Shalom only since 1992, this movement is in fact the direct descendant of several other groups, movements and committees that came together to have the same problems and the same motivation at least since 1967, and that occupied the same space in the political scenario. In particular, Gush Shalom is a descendant of the Israeli Council for Israel-Palestine Peace (ICIPP) which was founded in 1975.

The founders of the ICIPP include a group of dissidents from Israeli establishments, among them Major General Mattityahu (Matti) Peled who was a member of the IDF's regular staff during the 1967 Six Day War and after being discharged from the army in 1969 turned completely towards peace; Dr. Ya'akov Arnon, a well-known economist who headed the Zionist federation in the Netherlands before coming to Israel in 1948, was for many years Director General of the Israeli Ministry of Finance and after having chaired the board of the Israel Electric Company; and Aryeh ("Lova") Eliav who was secretary general of Israel's Workers' Party until he was broken up by then PM Golda Meir over issues such as whether the Palestinian people have national rights or not. These three and a few hundred people who came essentially from Israeli establishments became radicals and came to conclusion that the force of arrogance was a threat to Israel's future and that dialogue with the Palestinians must be open.

They come together as groups of young, ordinary people who were peace activists who had been active against the occupation since 1967. The bridge between the two groups was Uri Avneri, a well- known journalist who was a member of the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) between 1965 and 1973, as the leader of his own radical one-man party.

The main goal of the ICIPP was to open a dialogue with the Palestine Liberation Organization PLO, with the focus of making the Israelis understand the need to talk and achieve peace treaties with the "Palestinian Terrorists", and to live with the Palestinians, vigilantes of the need to converse and eventually make treaties with the "Zionist Enemy", a task that proved far from easy. Two Palestinian interlocutors of the ICIPP, Sa'id Hamami and Imad Sartawi, were murdered by Palestinian militant groups they considered the same traitors – which did not prevent other Palestinians from taking the dead men's place to continue the dialogue.

Israeli participants receive countless death threats, and some efforts have been made to implement such threats. On one occasion Avnery was stabbed and spent a week in intensive care – which was not decisive for him to back out of his 1982

meeting with Yasser Arafat at the siege of Beirut, the act of crossing

and recrossing the border involved considerable risk.

Between 1986 and 1993 the act of a citizen of Israel meeting with a member of the PLO was a crime under Israeli law, carrying

a maximum penalty of three years in prison. Members of the ICIPP

and other groups, such as the Hadash communists, were actively involved in meetings with the PLO in defiance of this law, the first

being detained in November 1986 at Costinesti's "Romanian Black Sea" club. A total of fifteen activists were arrested under what has come to be known as the "Anti-Russian Law".

Peace." Two of them serve the terms of half a year in prison each - the well-known philanthropist Abie Nathan who for many

years operated the "pirate" Peace Radio from a boat off the coast of Tel-Aviv, and the Jerusalem activists David Ish Shalom

The two were escorted to the prison gates by a huge crowd of well-wishers.The period of banning PLO meetings ended with the abolition of the law in 1993, several other court cases are still ongoing against other activists.

After the signing of the Oslo agreement in September 1993, meetings with PLO members became official

government policy. Members of Gush Shalom (who emerged from the ICIPP) who carried out the Yasser Arafat meeting

were slapped on the shoulders by senior Israeli government officials. However, after the collapse of the Camp David treaty in

August 2000 and the outbreak of the second Intifada, a concerted campaign was successfully launched to "appease" the Palestinians, the PLO and particularly Yasser Arafat.

Gush Shalom Members insist on meeting Arafat also when Peace Now and other groups back off from such a meeting, and when Arafat's Ramallah headquarters is captured by the Israeli army and entry becomes difficult and risky.

On two other occasions - in May 2002 and again in September 2003 - Sharon's government has been known

to deliberate on sending Arafat's capture and kill commands

(which meant the same thing, since the Palestinian leader said he did not would let himself be taken alive). On both occasions, a group of 15 Gush Shalom activists led by Uri Avnery stayed overnight at the Ramallah Presidential Headquarters announcing their presence to the media.

According to Sharon's allies, the presence of Israeli citizens and the complications this could cause was a factor in the cancellation of the intended attack. Gush Shalom activists feel

that what they are doing is saving the lives of dozens or even hundreds of Israelis, who could have been killed in an outburst of Palestinian anger over Arafat's death.

In 1995 Gush Shalom launched a campaign under the slogan "Our Jerusalem - Capital of Two States", together with Feisal Husseini, leader of the Palestinians of East Jerusalem. The

petition, signed by over 1,000 prominent Israelis and Palestinians, hit the taboo idea accepted by a large part of the Israeli public (49% in the latest poll) – although Gush Shalom certainly does not take full credit for this development.

Another Gush Shalom campaign involved boycotting products for the camps, with a detailed list of industrial and agricultural products maintained on the Gush Shalom website, to prevent their consumption by the Israeli public – since the process would force the camps into bankruptcy ( colonies) that are the main obstacle to peace in the Midwest.

Unlike Peace Now, Gush Shalom strongly supports conscientious objections from those who refuse to do military service in the occupation – in particular the five young Haggai Matar, Matan Kaminer, Shimri Zameret, Adam Ma'ou and Noam Bahat, who went to court martial in 2002 and were sentenced

to two years behind bars.

Gush Shalom spokesperson Adam Keller was also court-martialed in 1988 for spraying graffiti on the army's 117 tanks (as well as the officers' toilets and various other locations at Tze'elim's Negev camp) when he was on reserve duty. military with the inscription everywhere consisted of the words: "Soldiers of the Israeli defense forces, refuse to occupy and oppress! Refuse to serve in the occupation of territories!".

For that, Keller was sentenced to three months in prison.

He was later diagnosed by an army psychiatrist as "mentally useless for military service" and what the army considered it a dishonorable larder, and Keller himself considers it a memorable honor.

At present, Gush Shalom activists are engaged in daily fighting in Palestinian West Bank villages that have had their land

confiscated by the so-called "Separation Wall", erected ostensibly to deter suicide bombers and currently implement de facto

annexation of considerable territory. to Israel and made the same available for the expansion of the colonies. Gush activists joined

Israel's other movements like Ta'ayush and Anarchist Against the Wall, as well as Palestinians from the village of Bil'in in a week of non-violent protests against the confiscation of land from the villages. Uri Avnery, who was born in 1923, showed more energy at such events than many other people half his age.

Although Gush Shalom is already respected by pacifists in Israel as well as in the US and Europe, it is considered by the Israelis as a purely pro-Palestinian movement. This is somewhat

surprising given the massive campaign against the movement by the Israeli media, not allowing the right of reply for Gush Shalom. For example, in 2003 well-known commentator Ben Kaspit called Gush Shalom "a movement of traitors on Channel-10 on his talk show, fighting back a new wave of death threats to its members. (This was after Gush Shalom had sent warning letters to several IDF colonels and brigadier generals, warning that their actions violated international law, specifically the Fourth Geneva Convention, and they could be held accountable for their war crimes.)

Gush Shalom's enemies have launched accusations that the movement itself had "direct involvement in terrorism and has

published several articles urging Palestinians to attack citizens of Israel" – an assertion without any basis. Gush Shalom's position remains that all people have the right to self-determination and opposition to foreign government domination and occupation, and that the Palestinians had as much right as the Israelis when they initiated an uprising against British colonization between the years 1945 and 1947, and which the Americans exercised between 1775 and 1781. This in no way gave the right to attack the civilian population of the oppressed nation, and such attacks deserved the condemnation on the part of all.

Both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, until it has been resolved, this rule must be respected to avoid aggression against civilians (this is little known, more in Israel or internationally, than the number of Palestinian children killed by IDF attacks and patrols since 2000 is three times greater than the number of Israeli children killed by both Palestinian suicide bombers.)

It should be noted that Gush Shalom's accusations of "praising terrorism" were made especially during the campaign by right-wing groups to prevent US individuals and groups from donating to Gush Shalom - a campaign that achieved its purpose and scared many donors.

Canada

Canada has many peace movements, with community collisions and networks in many cities, towns and regions. The ACTivist Magazine is dedicated to advances in the art of global activism and is published in Canada each quarter by ACT for Disarmament. Activists set up a newspaper "Against Cruise Testing" (ACT) coalition in 1984. ACT went on to form "ACT for Disarmament", an organization fighting for the demilitarization of the world. As the movement grew, the newsletter expanded into a journal for "Peace, Ecology & Human Rights". The newspaper continued until 1998 when it became the current magazine.

The Canadian Peace Congress (1949-1990) was organized by the peace movement for many years, particularly when it was under the leadership of James Gareth Endicott who was its president until 1971.

United Kingdom

The National Pacifist Council was founded in 1908 after the 17th Universal Peace Congress in London (July/August 1908). It brought together representatives of a considerable number of national voluntary organizations with a common interest in peace, disarmament and international ethnic relations. The main function of the NPC was to provide the opportunity for conciliation and activity meetings among its affiliated members, to create a means of informing public opinion of the days and to make the government aware of the views of affiliated representatives in various sectors

of the lifestyle. British. The NPC ended in 2000 to be replaced in 2001 by "Network for Peace", which continued to play the same role as the NPC.

After the second world war, the peace movement strives for the United Kingdom to initiate the dissolution of the British Empire and the rejection of US and USSR imperialism. The anti-nuclear movement seeking a way out of the Cold War (see below in the US section) and the rejection of ideals such

as "Britain's Little Independent Nuclear Deterrent". The movement became associated with CND and years later,

with the Peace camp movement becoming more "centralised" under the administration of Prime Minister Tony Blair.

In 2003, the anti-war peace movement, rallying under the banner of "Stop the War Coalition", was strong enough to cause several resignations in Blair's cabinet, and hundreds of Labor Party MPs voted against his government. . Blair's motion was militarily supported in invasion of Iraq continuing only with the support of the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom. Protests against

the invasion of Iraq were particularly heard in Britain. Polls suggested that without UN Security Council approval , the people of the UK were opposed to involvement, and around two million people protested in Hyde Park (the largest demonstration prior to this meeting was around 600,000 people).

USA

Introduction

Although there has been organized resistance against foreign wars in the US since the origins of tLhoeokcountry ( Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience), this was

demonstrated by a growth in US Isolationism or Religious Pacifism, rather than a mass movement with goals. Unifie d,

until after the Second World War. These movements were mostly dismembered in US foreign policy circles and

became impractical as the country entered the Cold War era (1948-1999). Some peace groups, such as the United World Federalists, hoped to achieve world peace through an integrated world government.

The Cold War: From Forty to Fifty

With the tension of the "Cold War" rising, the Progressive Party became the home of the peace movement. Like the American Pacifist Mobilization before the war, they were accused of harboring communist sympathizers. In the 1948 election campaign, the Progressive party supported

conciliation with the Soviet Union and a ban on nuclear weapons. Airlift in Berlin and the Marshall Plan they get

millions of popular votes but no electoral votes.

There were a small amount of relevant domestic protests during the Cold War in the late 1950s, which saw a growth in the use of both nuclear and conventional weapons in the US and its adversaries, the USSR. The range of protests against McCarthyism and disdain for those who saw communist expansion as a threat. This happened during the Eisenhower administration developing the policy of mutual assured

destruction , in which both the US and USSR possessed nuclear weapons to obliterate each other should they enter a nuclear war. According to this notion, the two superpowers that possessed nuclear weapons was seen as an impasse, which would prevent any war from taking place in the world. MAD also created the central doctrine for US policy and communist contamination.

One reason to explain and public resistance to this process was the 1960 comments by President Dwight D.

Eisenhower of USA, who warned that Americans were

in danger of being dominated by military and industrial policy. Soon after in October 1962, in the Kennedy era, the nuclear crisis caused by the Cuban Missile Crisis. To the delight of anti-militarism activists and especially ordinary

citizens around the globe, a nuclear test ban treaty and discussions on nuclear weapons control followed shortly

thereafter.

The Vietnam Era: 1962-1975

The peace movement in the 1960s in the US brought about the end of the Vietnam War. Some factions within this movement advocated a unilateral surrender of US forces in Vietnam. One reason given for surrendering is that it would contribute to lessening tensions in the region and less bloodshed.

Another reason was that the Vietnamese should take care of their problems independent of outside influence. Opponents of the Vietnam War wanted to unite opposing groups in the anti-communism, imperialism and colonialism and, in addition to those who got involved with the New Left, and capitalism itself.

Some critics of the US surrender announced that this would not contribute to peace but to a wider and wider bloodbath.

These critics advocate that US forces should be held until

all threats from the Vietcong and North Vietnamese army are eliminated.

Advocates for the surrender of the United States became known as "doves", and they called their opponents "hawks", following the nomenclature dating back to the war of 1812. An image that was intended to portray those advocating surrender as lovers. of peace and opponents of surrender as evil and predators. The idea of a "cockfight" refers to this period, to describe those who avoided the dangers of military service before entering politics, but then advocated from the other side of their offices.

Major opposition to the Vietnam War took to the streets with protests in an effort to change US political opinion against the war. The protests gained momentum with the "civil rights movement" that was organized by opposition to segregation laws, which were based on the theory and infrastructure of the growth of anti-war movements. The protests were ignited by a growing network of independent newspapers (known as "underground newspapers") and marked the period of the advent of major "rock and roll" festivals such as Woodstock and the Grateful Dead, attracting young people in search of peace . and love.

The fatal shootings of the four youths in the anti-war protest at the University of Kent formed the basis for many other protests. "Kent's dead" sparked protests across university

campuses across the country; in May 1970 more universities joined the movement. In the 1960s the

The United States became the age of "youth rebellions," masses rallied and mutinied, many began in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and an atmosphere of opposition to wartime government broke out.

Provocative actions between police and protesters turned the anti- war demonstrations in Chicago at the 1968 Democratic National Convention into a riot. Explosive news reports of abuses by the US military, such as the My Lai Massacre in 1968, brought new attention

and support to the anti-war movement. Vietnam War veterans returning home joined the movement, including John Kerry, initiating "Vietnam Veteran s Against the War" and paraded before Congress on television screens. Thirty years later, while a US senator, Kerry campaigning to become US President, betrayed by a discovered document about his support for the anti-war movement ended his propaganda supporting the war. Other US veterans returning from the war used the same speech that no one wants to be in a war where people are suffering and dying, but have found peace in their own minds knowing they served their country. Some have quoted George Washington 's words from the 1790s: "Being prepared for war is one of the most effective means of preserving the peace."

Anti-war protests ended with the end of conscription and the final surrender of troops after the Paris Peace Accords that were signed

in 1973. The main protest organizations became the environmental movement in the United States. The South Vietnamese were left

alone to fight the enemy.

There was no protest from the peace movement to this new bloodbath, and Saigon surrendered to the North in 1975; Laos and Cambodia were occupied by communist Pathet Lao and Khmer Rouge forces in the same summer.

Eighties and Nineties

During the 1980s US peace activists focused heavily on slowing the nuclear arms race to reduce the possibility of a nuclear war between the US and the USSR. Under the Reagan administration, the increasing military spending adopted was a tough challenge for the Russians, peace groups such as "Nuclear Freeze" and "Beyond War" sought to educate the public about the risks and financial ruin that would be consequences of such a policy. . Organizing ordinary citizens in the Soviet Union into mass gatherings using satellite communication technology was part of the peace movement's activities in the 1980s.

In response to Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait, President George

HW Bush began preparations for a war in the Middle East. Peace activists began mobilizing immediately before the gulf war was launched in February 1991, with rallies attended by many people, especially on the west coast. However, the war starts in less than a week. An Allied victory with few casualties and a wave of patriotic sentiment ended the protest movement before it developed.

In the 1990s, the war in the Gulf began and the collapse of the Soviet Union (November 1991), removing one of the main focuses of peace activists. Bill Clinton 's US administration took a more conciliatory tone and presided over a decade of peace and prosperity—in which corporate governance quietly advanced. The priorities of 'peace activists' during the

1990s included the search for a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian stalemate, efforts to provide humanitarian relief to war-torn regions such as Bosnia and Rwanda, and the damage done by the UN to Iraq . Sanction - from 1990 to 2003 - that led to more than 500,000 children's death from completely predictable causes, including simple infections and malnutrition; American peace activists brought drugs to Iraq in defiance of US law, in some cases with heavy fines and the imprisonment

of members in retaliation. Some of the main groups involved were "Voices in the Wilderness" and the "Fellowship of Reconciliation". Many peace activists have turned their attention to globalization, seeing it as an insidious and ubiquitous form of economic imperialism.

The Iraq War

Before, during and after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, anti-war activists protested around the world. The world says no to war and the protests get bigger and bigger, it was at this time that the demonstration of half a million people that filled the streets of American cities just before the invasion was launched in March 2003; intensive intimidation, infiltration, and police pressure discouraged the movement as quickly as the war began. The movement regrouped as one disaster after another occurred during the American occupation. Now as the war enters its four years, US activist groups including "CODEPINK for Peace", "Military Families Speak (MFSO)", "Not in Our Name", "Veterans for Peace", "ANSWER " and "The world can't wait" continue to protest the American occupation of Iraq.

Protest modalities include, but are not limited to, staging an investigation of the "Abuses of War" in a courtroom in New York, bringing Iraqi women to visit the United States and tell their side of the story, independent street footage to tell the truth about the effort to end the war; presentations with debates with personalities like Scott Ritter, Janis Karpinski, and Dahr Jamail; resistance to military recruitment at universities; withholding tax money; massive petitions for lawmakers and newspapers; present reality and opinions through blogs; and protest marches massive, irreverent music, and guerrilla theater. Independent media producers continue to broadcast anti-war and anti-Bush pamphlets and programs, partially filling the vacuum caused by the lack of a representative left in the United States.

Risking political arrest and assassination, peace and justice activists are boldly going up against a state dominated by an industrial military machine that eludes most constitutional controls.

In addition to anti-war camps and anti-recruitment campaigns, a C-SPAN network was spread with news

programs. Cindy Sheehan, mother of a soldier killed in Iraq, became an icon of the movement in 2005 and is one of the

leaders of the movement for soldiers to return from Iraq, organizing symbolic acts in front of the White House among other places. Japan. After the nuclear attack with nuclear fission bombs of 12 kilotonnes of uranium-235 (enriched to more than 90%) dropped on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 and that of plutonium, of equivalent power, dropped on Nagasaki on 9 August 1945, which ordered Japan's unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945. Causing the immediate death of 180,000 civilians and another 120,000 within the next four months as a result of the effects of radiation to which they were exposed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki , causing the suffering of tens of thousands of victims, has forever marked

the Japanese people. The peace movement in Japan flourished along the same lines as the movements in Germany and Italy.

In 2005, the Japanese peace movement coordinates sanctions on the consumption of American products while the state of war in Iraq occurs.

By: Roberto Barros